Market report for Dubal

Introduction The US is renowned for its rich democratic space, strong consumer power, and business astuteness. However, its economic downturn and high cost of business may impede success there.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Market report for Dubal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A company needs to look into the external and internal factors that will affect it when it enters the international market. The purpose of the report is to determine whether Dubal, a UAE aluminium manufacturer, should enter the US market. Macro business environment – political The Unites States of America is a federal state, in which the head of state is the president and the constitution is the supreme protector of citizens’ rights. It has a strong judiciary headed by the Supreme Court and is backed by an equally influential parliamentary system. Therefore, the three centres of power are the executive, the Judic iary and Congress. Two parties dominate the country’s politics; that is, The Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The latter part depends on business donations for campaign funding while Democrats get it from organised labour. Consequently, parties in office may make policies that protect the interests of their funders. Dubal’s ability to safeguard its needs will depend on the ruling party and their affiliations. Nonetheless, the country is a strong democracy and has a stable political environment. It is unlikely that Dubal will experience cases of war or civil conflict in this nation. Trade restrictions and protectionism exist, albeit at low levels. Constraints exist regarding the legality of a business; Dubal will have to go through a long process before being recognised as a legal entity. Additionally, zoning restrictions exist on firms that can bring goods into the country. Copyright and patent laws are quite severe in this country. Dubal may find difficultie s in competing with older aluminium companies as they may possess patents over certain business processes.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, the country has several requirements on training workers, and licensing is a lengthy process for foreign businesses. Employers are obligated to pay for medical insurance as well other policies, so this may increase Dubal’s labour costs. The UAE and US do not have special trade agreements; however, substantial business still occurs between these two countries. As of 2011, the US had exported $15.8 billion worth of merchandise while the UAE imports about 2.4 billion worth of goods. Since the UAE is not in NAFTA or other trading groups with the US, then trade restrictions on products need to be expected. Minerals are not protected goods, so Dubal will need to pay a huge amount for its raw material-bauxite- if it chooses to produce in the US (US Department of Energy 13). Macro business environment-economic The US has the second largest economy in the world. As of 2011, its GDP stands at $ 14.82 trillion. This implies that Dubal will have a large consumer market to sell its products to. Additionally, the country recorded a 1.5% increase in the economy. Statistics also indicate that the US is the biggest importer of goods in the world. It allows approximately $2.314 trillion worth of merchandise into its borders. If Dubal opts to enter the market as an importer, then it will have a conducive environment for doing so. The most significant contributor to the economy is the managerial sector while manufacturing accounts for only 0.7%. Dubal will not be entering into a manufacturing zone, and this could prove to be quite useful to the organisation. The US economy is still underperforming thus implying that key product markets, such as the automobile industry, have diminished demand for aluminium products. The US has several resources such as oil deposits. However, it does not have bauxite, which is the primary raw material for production of Aluminium. Dubal may, however, save on costs by sourcing its supplies from the South American market. Some bauxite-rich nations in this region include Venezuela and Brazil (CRU International 54).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Market report for Dubal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unemployment rates are at an alarmingly high rate for a country of such a level. It now stands at 9.1%, and is ranked 105th. This is still an all-time low for the nation. Consumers may be hesitant to buy new commodities like cars and houses, yet these items are made from aluminium. The US’ budget deficit is also at an all-time high; it now stands at $599.9 billion while its external debt to the world is $14.71 trillion. This makes it the second most indebted nation in the world. If Dubal plans on entering such a nation, it needs to prepare for constrained buying habits and rigid monetary restrictions as the government is trying to do as much as possible to cut down on expenditure. Even loan negotiations from banks might be challenging as financial institutions are dealing with the backlash for encouraging this over expenditure. Financial institutions have created high financial obligations and losses that must be paid by consumers. Failure to honour these responsibilities could cause the entire financial sector to go bankrupt. Transport, communication and other infrastructural facilities are already set up in the country. The level of development in the US implies that most of these needs will be easily catered for. Dubal, which depends on a steady supply of electricity, will not suffer from intermittent supplies. It will also not be necessary to invest in back-up generators as the nation’s electricity suppliers are dependable. Additionally, it is relatively easy to get credit in the nation as the country is ranked 4th in the world. Enforcement of contracts is taken seriously in the US, so Dubal will be protected from contract defaults by its business partners. Furthermore, the country does not have complex business networks such as the Chinese system of family ties. Therefore, Dubal can do business with organisations from the business directory. Minimal restrictions exist among the population concerning trade. Macro business environment-social The US is a culturally diverse country, and since the UAE also possesses this trait, then it will be easy to do business there. English is the US official language, and most residents of the UAE are now familiar with it. While individuals are religious, they tend to separate religion from business life. Additionally, most individuals do not pay attention to family ties when doing business, so this will favour Dubal.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Micro environment-competition Several aluminium producers already exist in the US, such as Alcoa, Century Aluminium, RUSAL, Alcan, and Chalco. Alcoa accounts for 54% of market share in the target market, and has a presence in other parts of the world. In fact, these dominant players will minimise Dubal’s capability to operate successfully in the market. RUSAL is one of the most formidable aluminium producers in the international aluminium industry, it controls 16% of the world market and has integrated various aluminium-based firms. Some of them are producers of bauxite while others manufacture aluminium (Aluminium Industry Association 15). Furthermore, some of them even produce packaging material and electricity products. Alcan is a Canadian firm, and has an advantage over other players owing to its high product volumes. Chalco on the other hand is a Chinese-owned firm that dominates is domestic market as well as a substantial portion of the US market. Foreign competitors fr om China are a force to reckon with. The entrance of Chinese players in the US market leads to market surplus hence price declines. The market for aluminium products is highly accessible. Companies need to choose the best strategies for entry, and they have a chance at succeeding. Most equipment and resources needed to manufacture the product are found in the country, but Dubal would be better of it imported these products from its cheapest markets. Nonetheless, it is likely that, in the long run, the growth potential for this company will be quite low since the US is saturated with aluminium smelters. Approximately 12 companies are responsible for performance in this industry. However, in the next five years, it is likely that domestic demand will grow if the economy improves. Projections indicate that the US aluminium industry will increase by 12% in 2013. Such changes will stem from better energy supply, government support, and cost efficient technologies. Furthermore, consumersà ¢â‚¬â„¢ need for sustainable construction practices is likely to increase the demand for Dubal’s product (Green 46). Profitability in the aluminium industry has not been very promising. In 2009, some 6 aluminium smelters closed their businesses. The biggest problem for most organisations is high production expenditure. These organisations need to pay a lot of money to use electricity. Additionally, the US lacks bauxite resources, so many firms need to import their own resources and this costs them considerably. If Dubal opts to take production into the US, then its profitability could be substantially diminished. However, if it only treats the US as a market, then chances are that it will have a greater competitive edge. Consolidation is now a reality in the industry and could be used as a source of competitive advantage for Dubal. The most powerful player in the world-RUSAL – is using this strategy to remain a market leader (Bloomberg 40). Likewise, Dubal ought to bor row and customise that approach. The firm can merge with large aluminium purchases in order to foster cost management. Vertically integrated firms in the global aluminium industry are generating their own electricity. Access and prices of power can substantially reduce if Dubal has control over them. In fact, this explains why many aluminium firms are choosing developing nations as new target locations. They can produce electricity cheaply and efficiently in those areas. If Dubal chooses to generate its own electricity, then it ought to do this in the UAE rather than in an expensive country like the US. The organisation can also instate strong governance structures that emphasise strong environmental performance, human rights, and community relations. Additionally, the firm may focus on low cost energy sources since these would cut costs and secure better prices for the product. It should also have a green innovation strategy. Dubal should consider importation as a strategy for entr ance into the US market. This will protect the organisation from the high production costs that stem from operating in the US. All processing should occur in the UAE, so that it can have a ready-product to bring into the US. The US has fewer import restrictions on aluminium than it does on bauxite. Microenvironment-customers The principal type of consumer in the US aluminium market is the manufacturer. Therefore, Dubal Aluminium should consider using B2B partnership models to do business. Some of the frequent buyers of aluminium include automobile manufactures, bicycle, motorcycle, railways and aircraft firms. Beverage manufacturers such as Pepsi and Coca Cola need to the product to make cans and foils. US consumers are generally known for their impulsiveness. However, because Dubal sells intermediary products, then the same psychology cannot be applied to their products. Many B2B approaches work by initiating a strong relationship with the targeted enterprise. Dubal needs to demons trate that its products are superior or that they come at a lower price with no compromise on quality. These factors will set them apart from other retailers. American firms focus on product quality more than affordability so Dubal would be better of if it focused on the first approach. In addition to these differences, it may be imperative for the company to sharpen its negotiation skills as American buyers are astute bargainers. Culture has a positive impact on business in this nation because most people are individualistic. They are highly competitive and always do due diligence before getting into a business arrangement. Furthermore, it is the most qualified person that wins a contract rather than the most affable one. As such, Dubal needs to focus on its tangible advantages and business numbers if it wants to get a market there. Conclusion The purpose of the report was to establish whether the US is a feasible target market for Dubal. It was found that the cost of production is too high, owing to absence of the main mineral ore and high electricity costs. Additionally, there is stiff competition from local players. However, the US ranks well in terms of ease of doing business. Dubal should produce in the UAE and consider exporting its finished products to the USA. Works Cited Aluminium Industry Association. The versatile metal. London: McMillan, 2005. Print. Bloomberg, Jerry. â€Å"Short run demand and supply elasticities in the West European market for secondary aluminium.† Resources Policy 26(2005): 39-50. Print. CRU International. Report in the aluminium and alumina industry. London: CRU International, 2008. Print. Green, Samuel. Aluminium recycling and processing for energy conservation and sustainability. NY: ASM International, 2007. Print. US Department of Energy. US energy requirements for aluminium production. Washington DC: DOE Press. Print This research paper on Market report for Dubal was written and submitted by user Marcus D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Discuss the themes of The Catcher in the Rye by J.D Salinger.

Discuss the themes of The Catcher in the Rye by J.D Salinger. "The Catcher in the Rye" is an example of a modern day classic. The term 'modern day classic can be defined as a novel with universal appeal which has withstood the test of time and is relevant to today's society. This novel could be classed as social realism, as the issues addressed are real and present in our world today. "The Catcher in the Rye" addresses a number of important themes present in today's society, namely isolation, growing up and the "phoniness" of adulthood.Throughout the novel, it seems as though Holden Caulfield is excluded from and a victim of the world around him. He strongly feels that he doesn't belong to the world and is continuously attempting to find his way around. He is fairly cynical, and he blames this on the fact that he is exposed to a "phony" world. As the novel progresses, it is quite obvious that Holden isolates himself from the world in order to remain protected.S. D. Holden"I was the only one left in the tomb then. I sort of liked it, in a way. I t was so nice and peaceful". This demonstrates his need for isolation. Holden uses his isolation as proof that he is better than everyone else, and therefore believes that he doesn't need to interact with them. In actual fact, his interactions with other people usually confuse and overwhelm him, and he uses his cynical sense of superiority as a protective device.The theme of growing up is an important theme of "The Catcher in the Rye". Holden Caulfield is an adolescent boy who is struggling to cope with yet another expulsion from a school. He leaves a few days before term ends to "take a vacation", and the novel is a recap of the...

5 Festive Ways to Avoid the Holiday Office Party

5 Festive Ways to Avoid the Holiday Office Party Here at TheJobNetwork, we strive to give the best career and professional advice to everyone so they can be one step closer to reaching success. But every now and then, you have to step back and face reality. Let’s be honest, sometimes laying on your couch and watching Netflix is infinitely more interesting than watching Carl from accounting get smashed and butcher your favorite songs over karaoke.   That being said, here are 5 festive ways to avoid the holiday office party, coming from someone who will not be going to his (I have an exam, I swear). 1. â€Å"Grandma got run over by a reindeer.†Based on  the hilarious song, create an elaborate excuse no one is going to take seriously, but hey, you’ll get an A+ for effort. Inform everyone in the office that your grandma was just hit by a reindeer, and you can’t attend the holiday party because you’re going to be too busy visiting her in the hospital- and then looking to give Rudolph some well-dese rved justice.2.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"My son needs the new turbo man doll.†Jingle All the Way wasn’t Schwarzenegger’s best film, but it sure does give you a valid excuse for missing the holiday office party. Tell the entire office that your son, daughter, brother, or sister wants the hottest selling toy on the market and you have to run out of the office to go join the bloodbath at  the mall. Extra points if you have the guts to give your excuse while doing  the Schwarzenegger accent.3.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"I killed Santa Claus so I have to take his place.†Based off of Tim Allen’s classic 1994 film The Santa Clause, you’ve got more important things to do than watching David from finance ruin his career by getting too drunk, like delivering presents to every boy and girl in the world†¦ because you accidentally killed Santa Claus. Hey, your boss might not believe, but guess what: his kid is getting a lump of coal for Christmas anyway, hah!4. â€Å"I left m y 8 year old at home†¦.alone.†Sure, this one makes you look super irresponsible and your boss might actually view you as incompetent, but this is probably the most realistic excuse you’ll be able to give from this list. Let’s hope this is just an excuse and your kid isn’t actually home alone messing around with criminals.5.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"I just found out I have a son from the North Pole†Gotta run, apparently I had a son 30 years ago who grew up as an elf in the North Pole, and now he’s back and needs my love. I’ll be in the gum drop forest if you need me, aka the Lincoln Tunnel. What do you mean you don’t believe me? You know what? Go elf yourself!

Mktg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Mktg - Essay Example When the correct market for Pradaxa has been identified, the product would be easily sold. In case, the company is attracting few people who are in dire need of Pradaxa, it is important to search for a remedy by focusing on large and correct market segments. In addition, it is good to have a clear understanding of the target market who in this case are patients with atrial fibrillation. The more the market is understood, there is high possibility of developing trust in customers who purchase the product. In addition, it is important to identify the age of your market so as to avoid targeting wrong age (Moehlman 46). For instance, Pradaxa product would target people aged sixty and above because most people of this age in U.S suffer from atrial fibrillation. The company should make an assessment to establish if the customers are satisfied with the product, if not, then the company should attempt to find a solution to their needs by improving on its product. Another important aspect of target market is that the company needs to look at the available competition. By doing this, Pradaxa product should be supplied to under-served markets. It is prudent to assess the strength and weakness of your competitors and try to find mechanism that can be different from them. Pradaxa has for long time faced competition from Warfarin. There is need to utilize opportunities such new uses in surgery patients and eliminate threats such as bad publicity dealing with side effects so as to compete favorable with Warfarin and attract more

Small Group and Team Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Small Group and Team Communication - Essay Example Effective group decision making is based on cooperation and mutual agreements, trust and effective communication between team members. Salaman (2001) underlines that the ideal decision-making (group or individual) is unrealistic because change leads to uncertainty, and there is less uncertainty in the short run than in the long run. He uses examples of business failures to portray ineffective decision-making processes based on decision-making norms rather than careful analysis of the situation. Salaman (2001) states that: "central to decision-making is the notion of rationality. Rationality refers to the quality of thinking and decision-making" (p. 2). Organizations can be pretty sure that whatever long-term guesses they make will be wrong. Unfortunately, most worthwhile achievements are carried out in the long run and consequently require a long-term outlook (Fitzsimmons & Fitzsimmons 2004). Also, the ideal decision-making is impossible because of substantive rationality. Following Weber: "[decision-making] conveys only one element common to all the possible empirical situations" (Salaman 2001, p. 3). The departure often leads to painful changes in the project requirements, which are in turn important contributors to time and cost overruns. In this situation, long-term considerations are sacrificed to short-term exigencies. The corporate culture must extol the virtues of a long-term outlook. ... The best way to let people know the importance of this outlook to the organization is to create incentive systems that reward long-term behavior and to develop organizational structures that make it difficult to be a short-termer. A customer-focused culture requires a new attitude toward customers. Team and group decision making involves co-acting members with specialized knowledge, interacting to arrive at some valued decisions or outcomes. Teams have accountable membership, often work in unpredictable ambiguous environments, and process information (or enact various functions) for variable lengths of time. Team decision making is further complicated when it is supported by technology, such as decision support systems that are comprised of decision aids, informational data bases, computers, intercoms, telephones, video, and so forth. Decision making, as a term, no longer adequately fits the expanded activities that the team undertakes to solve a problem or reach an intended goal. In tellectual teamwork is possibly a better term to describe team decision making in technologically supported environments (Jeynes, 2002). Within this process, ethics becomes a crucial part guarding and controlling decision-making process. Ethics is as a set of moral principles that govern the action of an individual or group. Business ethics are concerned with truth and justice and include aspects which society expects. Two themes which emerged in literature are the role of the victim in the criminal justice system and the use of the criminal law as a resource. Decision analysis is a set of models and methods for helping people deal with difficult and stressful decisions (Hicks, 2004). The operating assumption of decision analysts is that a decision maker wishes to select the

Philosophy of Education for Foundations of Education Essay Example for Free

Philosophy of Education for Foundations of Education Essay Introduction Education is an ongoing process based upon experience. The old adage you learn something new everyday is very true, and nothing fascinates me more than simply talking to other people; you can learn so much from them. Education is the foundation of our American society, and the children of today are the future of our country, but educating them is not enough; we must be good role models and present a system of morals and values in our classrooms. Our objective in education is directly related to the social sciences in that the classroom is a microcosm of our society. As teachers we try to prepare our students for real-world situations. Interacting socially, communicating effectively and understanding other peoples emotions, feelings and points of view will help our students blossom into productive and understanding adults. Howard Gardner wrote about multiple intelligences, which I think is a huge step in improving the classroom environment and lesson plans to include ways that everyone can learn (Tomlinson, 2002). He identified eight different ways to be smart that traditional IQ tests would not show. This model allows students to excel in these categories through different types of instruction, such as verbal ability, referred to as the linguistic intelligence, or the ability to play an instrument, referred to as the musical intelligence (Johnson et al. , 2005). My classroom will be entertaining, first and foremost. I understand the material I am teaching elementary school children, but delivering that material effectively depends on how they feel about school. Motivating children and getting them excited about learning is not always easy, but it is a key ingredient to a successful classroom. As a male entering the elementary education field I understand my role as a possible father figure (Kindlon and Thompson, 1999) and recognize the importance. I want to make a difference in the world, and I see no better way than through the efforts of education. Definition of Philosophy From the perspective of a future educator, I see myself identifying with the qualities of existentialism the most. This theory can be hard to explain at times because it relies so heavily on the meaning we impose on our lives through education, an idea that cannot be expressed in a limited amount of words and one that differs from individual to individual. Existentialism is routed in the fact that our lives are meaningless; we live in a meaningless world and a meaningless period of time no different than any other. In essence, the quest to find meaning in our lives defines our life. A large part of this view is the idea that we are all free, an idea embraced in America but not typically recognized throughout the world or throughout history. Given this, our freedom allows us to make choices and these choices define us. The goal of the teacher through this philosophy is not to teach freedom, but to embrace it. Tracking, measurement and standardization homogenize the classroom, whereas our goal as teachers is to individualize the classroom and foster a healthy student-teacher relationship. The students feelings are important and we should not compare ourselves to an ideal self but who we actually are, and education is the tool that fills the gaps of understanding this. Because I have yet to become a teacher, I am not quite sure how and in what ways measurement and standardization negatively impact the classroom, but I am aware of the separation and animosity created my tracking. Getting the students to think positively about themselves will foster healthy learning and create a positive self-esteem that will drive them to learn both in the classroom and through questioning on their own. Sparking that fire is the idea behind existentialism, and in a world where we are essentially meaningless, it is up to us as teachers to inspire our students to grasp the freedom they have, bring meaning into their life, and use that excitement to find meaning in all that they do. Also, in sparking critical thinking, students will engage in a thoughtful and reflective process similar to Blooms taxonomy where a number of levels of learning are happening, dependent on how information in the classroom affects them and their existence as well as essence. Another important tool we can use to define our philosophy as a teacher is the Ways of Knowing. I feel like I identify most with the Eastern Way of Knowing, particularly the Chinese thought because of the emphasis on moral development. Understanding facts and theories is important in education, but sometimes it is hard to distinguish what is actually necessary from what is trivial. Preaching morals allows us to respect others, particularly elders, and gain from their knowledge, something that cannot always be taught in the classroom. Also, it will foster a more productive and peaceful society, one that is the best to learn in. Confucianism and Taoism play a large role in this type of knowing as well, and the reliance on harmony can be compared to the need for smooth transitions in the field of education. Although Confucius implemented the need for rules and standards, contradictory to my belief in existentialism, he has influenced society and education in particular for thousands of years. These rules help keep life orderly and efficient, and the success of Chinese government, business and family life can be attributed to this as well as the harmony between the three. Taoism affects the Chinese thought by suggesting that we should leave things alone and not force personal desires onto the way things will naturally occur. This eliminates the need for competition and is more consistent with the existentialist view. Competition can be good in many ways, but when comparing students we must be careful and considerate. There is no place in the classroom for making anyone feel inferior, and I feel more strongly about that than any other aspect of teaching right now. In relation to morals and respect, I will never allow a student to think they are better than any other student, and hopefully using this method will prepare them for life in the real world, where manners and morals can actually take you pretty far. Even if its not for achievement, preaching this will promote self-improvement and a genuine compassion for other students, which is what I strive for in the classroom. Based on the work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and rooted in existentialism, humanism is the educational approach that I fell closest too. Humanism makes the assumption that we are essentially born good and that children enter the world not as a blank slate, but with innate qualities and dispositions. Consistent and nearly identical to existentialism, humanism stresses the role of individualism in the classroom and says that society turns people evil. Group-oriented education is rejected because it weakens the student-teacher relationship, limits self-actualization (based on the students feelings), and measures students as objects, effectively doing away with the individual self. Teachers involving humanism in the classroom look for student interests as guidelines for instruction and assessment and even go as far as letting the students pick the material and activities. Students discover their own opinions through divergent thinking and should not be influenced by the teachers views. Eastern influences on Humanism are also prevalent, as people should be looked at as valuable individuals that deserve respect, not as objects to be manipulated, described by the I-Thou and I-It example, respectively. I am an optimist; the glass is always half full. Therefore, I strongly believe that people are created equally, good and free. Society can have a negative impact on individuals, but it can also have a positive impact. Our goal as teachers is to become that positive force and to let every student know that we care about them as individuals. The book cites how a college classroom can consist of more than one-hundred students, leaving know room for a personal relationship with the professor. One of the main reasons I came to W and J was for that small school feel where I could have a personal relationship with my professors: I feel like I do better in my classes and that I also learn more and feel more confident about my abilities. If we can achieve this goal, rather than making our students just a number, we will truly succeed as educators. References Johnson, J. A. , Musial, D. , Hall, G. E. , Gollnick, D. M. , Dupuis, V. L. (2005). Introduction to the foundations of American education (pp. 448). Boston: Allyn Bacon. Kindlon, D. , Thompson M. (1999). Raising Cain: Protecting the emotional life of boys (pp. 333). New York: Ballentine. Tomlinson, C. A. (2002). Different learners, different lessons. Scholastic Instructor, 9, 21, 24-26, 91.

Corruption in Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest :: One Flew Over Cuckoos Nest

Corruption in One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest As Lord Acton put it in a letter to Bishop Mandell Creighton, "Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men." This is the truth that is evident both in Ken Kesey book One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest. His main characters Nurse Ratched and Randal McMurphy are in a subtle underground war against each other's accumulating power, and corruptness. This idea of great men being bad men is evident in Kesey's book, my experiences, and society in general. Ken Kesey appears to show disgust for people of power in his book One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest. Throughout the novel, Nurse Ratched, the lady within whom lays all the power of the staff in a mental institution, frequently sends people who she has behavioral problems with off to the disturbed wing, like she did Maxwell Taber. It is there that they experience the pain of either electroshock therapy, or a full frontal lobotomy. Nurse Ratched uses this and her natural dominance to inspire fear in her patients. She tends to agree with old school of thought that a healthy dose of fear makes people easier to control. Thus she was able to easily putdown any uprising against her totalitarian rule before Randle McMurphy. Nurse Ratched tries to use the power that has been given to her as head nurse to change the patients as she sees fit. As Bromden puts it, "Working alongside others... she is a veteran of adjusting things" (p. 30). But to do this she has created a living hell for them. McMurphy, one of the rare man that dares to vocalize his opinion, shows his negative sentiment towards Nurse Ratched when he tells Harding, "Hell with that; she's a bitch a ball cutter..." (p. 58). The entire ward can see how power has corrupted Nurse Ratched into the pseudo-megalomaniac/sadist she now is. I agree with Kesey's view of power. I once had a teacher who would grade harder for people he didn't like. As a result if he disliked one of his students, they were guaranteed a `C' or lower. His abuse of power went unchecked and unchallenged due to his seniority and the difficulty of proving his crime.

Hr Practice in Ready Made Garments Industry

Term Paper: HR Practice In Ready Made Garments Industry (Panorama Apparels Ltd. & Millennium Garments Ltd. ) TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 5 Introduction 6 Methodology6 Scope & Limitation 8 Formal Report (Company A) 9 About The Company9 Size & Activities of HR Department 9 Their Overall HR Practice11 Recruitment 11 Selection 14 Training & Development 15 Compensation Policies & Practices17 Performance Appraisal21 Formal Report (Company B)22 About The Company22 Their Overall HR Practice22 Size & Activities of HR Department 23 Recruitment 24 Selection 24 Training & Development 24Compensation Policies & Practices25 Performance Appraisal26 Findings27 Recommendation 29 Conclusion 29 Appendix 30 Executive Summary: In this term paper we tried to focus of the HR practice of RMG sector in Bangladesh. We conducted survey in two garments (Panorama Apparels Ltd. & Millennium Garments Ltd. )& we tried to find out their overall practice. In this study report, we have tried to include all the factors we thought essential for previously mentioned title. We have analyzed the factors based on managerial theories & managerial key functions with the proposed options. e also tried to find out there is any problem with our little HR knowledge we learned from this course. Introduction to the Report: This report is prepared as a requirement of the course â€Å"Human Resource Management We selected MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD & PANORAMA APPARELS LTD. working on these organizations we came to know various Kind of HRM practice which are use here. In this report we have followed the guidelines provided by the teacher. Here we have tasked not only the HRM practice but also the marketing, management, finance and operational area of the Company.The broad objective of this report is to provide an overview of HRM practice in Garments Sector of Bangladesh. The specific objectives of this report are: †¢Ã‚  To provide Company overview †¢Ã‚  To provide market overview and analysis â₠¬ ¢Ã‚  To reveal operational, management and HRM planning. †¢Ã‚  Discuss all HRM practice Methodology: We conducted a sample survey with a questionnaire (see appendix) . We provided our copies of questionnaire among the random samples employees & workers & collected after they had filled it up with their comments.To prepare this report we have collected data from different published materials. Then we have conducted a secondary study. After that we have prepared a questionnaire and took interview one of the executive serving in this Company. We also collect data from internet. This way we collected primary data. Thus we have used both primary and secondary report to prepare this report. With our survey & interview results we found some key points that are discussed in the next section. Scope & limitation: Actually we have collected information by primary and secondary data.During collecting information we have faced some problems. When we went at garments, we had to wait many t imes for collecting information. And we search internet, internet speed is very low. Another point is that lab computer does not work properly. We have analyzed the factors based on managerial theories & managerial key functions with the proposed options & the events though few things might be omitted due to our limited knowledge & access of information. We are always prepared to provide any kind of information or documents to you on your demand.Formal Report Company A (MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. ) a) About the company Millennium Garments Limited was established with a vision to build a premium garments house to rival the finest in South East Asia. The Company was established in September of 1998 by purchasing and taking over an existing garments company which had been running since 1992. Millennium Garments Limited specializes in the manufacture of high quality men's shirts. The company’s brand new machinery include highly specialized equipment needed in the productive' of hig h quality shirts.Millennium Garments also takes orders for padded quilted shirts ladies' dress, pajama sets and robes. The company currently exports its garments to its customers in Canada, Germany, Belgium and Netherlands. Factory Product is 100% export orientated ready-made garments from woven fabrics, Production  Capacity 150,000 pieces/month. 1223 employees are working in this organization the company is located in Delwar Complex (5th to 9th Floor) 26, Shahid Nazrul Islam Avenue, Dhaka 1203, Bangladesh. b) Size & activities of HR Department Human resource planning MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. as a personal and administrative Department. MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. is one of the biggest employers in Bangladesh. The total number of employers in Bangladesh. The total number of employees is 1,223. For the employees there is systematic in house training in home and abroad. To motivate the employees, along with salary and benefits the company provides various facilities like free meals , f ree transportation , 24 hour medical center , on site sports . A production and accommodation facility includes full time supply of safe drinking water, adequate lighting and ventilation facilities from sheet.The entire management process comprises the following units: Executive Management: The Managing Director, the CEO is the head of the Executive Management Team which comprises senior members of the Management Apparatus. Within the limits of delegated authority and responsibility by the Board of Directors, Executive Management operates through further delegation of authority at every echelon of the line management. The executive Management operates within the framework of Policy & Planning strategies set by the Top Management with periodic performance reporting for guidance.The Executive Management is responsible for preparation of segment plans / sub – segment plans for every profit centers with budgetary targets for every items of goods & services and are held accountabl e for deficiencies, with appreciation for outstanding and exceptional performances. These operations are continuously carried out by the Executive Management through series of Committees, sub – Committees, Committees & standing Committees assisting the line management. Standing Committee: Standing Committee comprises the following committee: Audit Committee: †¢Ã‚  Internal Audit Committee   ISO Audit Committee †¢Ã‚  Social / Environment Committee †¢Ã‚  Performance Evaluation Audit Committee Employment Relations Committee: †¢Ã‚  Remuneration Committee †¢Ã‚  Work Environment Committee †¢Ã‚  Performance Evaluation Audit Committee Management Committee: †¢Ã‚  Product Planning & Development Committee †¢Ã‚  Quality Control & Research Committee †¢Ã‚  Production & Inventory Management Committee †¢Ã‚  Export Promotion Committee c) Their Overall HR Practice: HR Practices of MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. Recruitment Training Performance Mana gement Labor relation Employee relation Job analysis Job designSelection Development Incentives Benefits d) Recruitment Recruitment is the process trough which the organization seeks applicants for potential employment. Selection refers to the process by which it attempts to identify applicants with the necessary knowledge, skills, abilities and other characteristics that will help the company achieve its goals, companies engaging in different strategies need different types and numbers of employees. The strategy a company is pursuing will have a direct impact on the types of employees that it seeks to recruit and selection.Source of recruitment There are two kinds of source Millennium Garments Ltd. uses for recruitment . They are 1. External source 2. Internal source. We try to discuss all relative sources which are used for recruitment in Millennium Garments Ltd. Internal source Millennium Garments Ltd. thinks that current employees are a major source of recruits for all but entry -level positions. Whether for promotions or for ‘Lateral’ job transfers, internal candidates already know the informal organization and have detailed information about its formal policies and procedures.Promotions and transfer are typically decided by operating managers with little involvement by HR department. Job-posting programs HR departments become involved when internal job openings are publicized to employees through job positioning programs, which informs employees about opening and required qualifications and invite qualify employees to apply. The notices usually are posted on company bulletin boards or are placed in the company newspaper. Qualification and other facts typically are drawn from the job analysis information. Departing Employees An often overlooked source of recruiters consists of departing employees.Many employees leave because they can no longer work the traditional 40 hours work week . School, child care needs and other commitments are the comm on reason. Some might gladly stay if they could rearrange their hours of work or their responsibilities . Instead, they quit when a transfer to a part-time job may retain their valuable skill and training. Even if part-time work is not a solution, a temporary leave of absence may satisfy the employee and some future recruiting need of the employer. External source When job opening cannot be filled internally, the HR department of MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. ust look outside the organization for applicants. We discuss all the external source of recruitment at bellow: Walk-ins and Write-ins: Walk-ins are some seekers who arrived at the HR department of MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. in   search of a job; Write-ins are those who send a written enquire . both groups normally are ask to complete and application blank to determine their interest and abilities. Usable application is kept in an active file until a suitable opening occurs or until an application is too old to be considered valid, u sually six months.Employee referrals: Employees may refer job seekers to the HR department . Employee referrals have several advantages . Employees with hard –to –find job skill may no others who do the same work. Employee’s referrals are excellent and legal recruitment technique, but they tend to maintain the status quo of the work force in term of raise, religions, sex and other characteristics, possibly leading to charges of discrimination. Advertising Want ads describe the job and the benefits, identify the employer, and tell those who are interested how to apply .They are most familiar form of employment advertising . for highly specialist requites, ads may be placed in professional journal or out of town newspaper in areas with high concentration of the desired skills. Example: General Manager- production (ref: PM) -Age: 28-35 years; Graduate with specialization in garment mfg technology from NIFT or equiv. -Minimum 10 years experience in similar position of a unit with a minimum of 1000machines. -Must have detailed hands on knowledge of industrial engineering. We offer competitive salary which is commensurate with experience and qualification.If you aspire to an exiting and rewarding career, send your detailed resume, quoting your present and expected salaries to jobs. Internet Now today no body thinks anything without internet. So MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. give their advertisement at internet. Example:www. bdjobs. com , www. millennia-bd. com e) Selection: The HR department informed us that their tests of selection are valid by for their own garments. They usually test cognitive abilities for higher officials & test of motor abilities for workers . They also work simulations. After successful reference checks the HR Department selects employees. ) Training & Development Training is a process of learning a sequence of programmed behavior. It is application of knowledge. It gives people an awareness of the rules procedures to guide th eir behavior. It attempts to improve their performance on the current job or prepare them for an intended job. Development is a related process. It covers not only those activities which improve job performance but also those which bring growth of the personality; help individuals to the progress towards maturity and actualization of their potential capacities so that they become not only good employees but better men and women.In organizational terms, it is intended to equip person to earn promotion and hold grater responsibility. There are many types of method practices in MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. we discuss that method at bellow: On the job training On the job training is a training that shows the employee how to perform the job and allows him or her to do it under the trainer’s supervision On the job training is normally given by a senior employee or a manager like senior merchandiser or a manager. The employee is shown how to perform the job and allowed to do it under th e trainer’s supervision. Job rotationJob rotation is a training that requires an individual to learn several different some in a work unit or department and performer each job for a specified time period. In job rotation, individuals learn several different job within a work unit or department. One main advantages of job rotation is that it makes flexibilities possible in the department. When one employee like junior merchandiser absence another merchandiser can easily perform the job. Apprenticeship training Apprentices hip training provides beginning worker with comprehensive training in the practical and theoretical expect of work required in a highly skilled occupation.Apprenticeship program combined of the job and classroom training to prepare worker for more than eight hundred occupation such as computer operator, sewing technician. Length of selected apprenticeship courses of MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. Occupation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   length (months) 1. Quality control manager  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   13 2. Quality control officer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   15 3. Cutting Astt. Manager   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     7 4. Packing Astt. Manager  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   7 5. Ware house Astt. Manager  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5 6. Production officer  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     3 7.Sewing technician   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5 8. Sewing Supervisor  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5 Classroom training Classroom training is conducted off the job and probably the most familiar training method . It is an effective means of imparting information quickly to large groups with limited or no knowledge of subject being presented. It is useful for teaching factual material, concepts principle other theories . portion of orientation programs, some expects of apprenticeship training and safety programs are usually presented utilizing some form of classroom instruction.More frequently however, classroom instruction is used for technical, professional and managerial employee Development of the human resources The long term development of human resources as distinct from training for a specific job is of growing concern to HR departments of MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. Through the development of current employees the department reduces the company’s dependents on haring new workers . if employees are developed properly the job openings fou nd throw HR planning are more likely to be filled internally promotions and transfers also show employees that they have a career not just a job.The employee benefits from increased continuity in operations and from employees who fail a greater commitment. HR department is also an effective way to meets several challenges including employee obsolescence, international and domestic diversity, technical challenges. Affirmative action and employee turn over. By meeting these challenges the department can, maintain an effective workforce. g) Compensation policies & practices : Incentives Compensation fluctuates according to –  A pre-established formula –  Individual or group goals because group goals are different from individual goals –  Company earningsIncentives adds to base pay It controls costs because the employee is being paid for his/her extra effort and for the benefits brought to the organization. & Motivates employees Incentive Pay Categories Indivi dual ,   Group,   Company-wide Individual incentive plans –  Quantity of work output (How many units produced) –  Quality of work output (What was the quality of the product or service being produced or served) –  Monthly sales (How much sales was generated) –  Work safety record (How many hazard or errors are being reduced. –  Work  attendance (If the absent is reduced or attendance is good) Group Incentive Plans   Rewards employees for their collective performance †¢Ã‚  Group incentive use has increased in industry †¢Ã‚  2 types –  Ã‚   Team – based  or small group –  Ã‚   Gain sharing Company-Wide Incentive Plans †¢Ã‚  Rewards employees when company meets performance standards †¢Ã‚  2  Types –  Ã‚   Profit sharing plans –  Ã‚   Employee stock option plans Legally required benefits of MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. †¢Ã‚  Social Security –  Social security benefits include the general benefits like unemployment insurance & benefits, old age insurance, and Medicare facilities. †¢Ã‚  Workers’ Compensation   Worker’s compensation includes the compensation when an employee becomes injured or disable due to extreme working conditions or while working at the job site. †¢Ã‚  Family & Medical Leave –  Family leave includes the compensation continuation during the family leave such as maternity or paternity leave and other family leave. †¢Ã‚  Old age, Survivor, Disability Insurance requirements for getting compensation: –  Earn 40 quarters of credit, or –  Be employed for 10 years –  Be age 62 for partial benefits –  Be age 65 for full benefits –  Now the age has been extended to age 67 because more and more workers are retiring late.   Widow aged 60 + Medicare Depends on the country’s policy, Medicare facilities are generally government services to citizens. Organizations add some value to Medicare facilities. In some countries Medicare is financed together by employees’ tax, employers and the government. Provided insurance coverage for –  Hospitalization – Covers inpatient & outpatient hospital care & services. –  Major Doctor bills – Charges of visiting a doctor or specialist. –  Prescription drug costs. –  Provides unlimited in-home care in certain situations. Workers’ Compensation   Workers’ compensation is a legally required benefit is included in the compulsory disability laws of many countries. Mostly, employer is seen liable regardless of the fault. †¢Ã‚  Workers’ compensation claims –  Injury –  Occupational disease –  Death †¢Ã‚  Workers’ compensation benefits –  Medical services –  Disability income –  Death benefits Discretionary Benefits †¢Ã‚  Discretionary ben efits are judgment based benefits that the organization provides to its employees. These benefits are not legally required benefits but enhances organizational culture and corporate image. †¢Ã‚  Benefits include: –  Protection programs   Pay for time not worked –  Other services Pay for time not worked †¢Ã‚  Holidays†¢Ã‚  Vacations†¢Ã‚  Funeral leave †¢Ã‚  Marriage leave†¢Ã‚  Sick leave†¢Ã‚  Stress leave †¢Ã‚  Blood donation or welfare work†¢Ã‚  Personal leave h) Performance Management Performance appraisal is the process of assessing employee’s past performance, primarily for reward, promotion and staff development purposes. Performance appraisal (is) a process that identifies, evaluates and develops employee performance to meet employee and organizational goals. Performance Appraisal doesn’t necessarily use to blame or to provide a disciplinary action.Previous management theories used to view performanc e appraisal as a stick that management has introduced to beat people. Performance appraisals are now more clarified and they concentrate on developing organizational strengths and employee performance. Purpose of Performance Appraisal in MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. To review past performance To assess training needs To help develop individuals To audit the skills within an organization To set targets for future performance To identify potential for promotion To provide legal & formal justification for employment decision To diagnose the hidden problems of an organizationPerformance Appraisal Process Who Appraises †¢Ã‚  Supervisors †¢Ã‚  Subordinates †¢Ã‚  Peers†¢Ã‚  Clients/customers †¢Ã‚  Self appraisal Approaches to measuring performance in MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. There are various kind of method for measuring performance appraisal. But we get information that MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. uses only three type of performance method. These are at below: 1. 360- de gree feedback 2. Experience based. We describe those at below: 1. 360-degree feedback One currently popular methods of performance appraisal is called 360-degree feedback.With this method managers peers, suppliers or colleagues are ask to complete questionnaire. The questionnaire is generally lengthy. 2. Experience based MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. measures the performance of employee by experience. For example MR. X has been working in MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. for three years and MR. Y has been working in MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. for two years. So MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. favor MR. X for his more experience. Company B (Panorama Apparels Limited) a) About the company Panorama Apparels Limited was established to build up a profit and export.The Company was established in 1991 by purchasing and taking over an existing garments company. Panorama Garments Limited specializes in the manufacture of high quality men's shirts. The company’s brand new machinery includes highly specialize d equipment needed in the production of high quality shirts. The company currently exports its garments to its customers in USA and Europe. The garments Product are export orientated as well as local market base ready-made garments from woven fabrics, Production  Capacity 280000 pieces/month. 550 employees are working in this organization he company is located in Gazipur. ) Their Overall HR Practice Their overall HR practice started in 1995, before that they didn’t have any separate HR department. HR manager control the garments to do better in future. HR manager takes final decision regarding employee recruiting, screening, training, rewarding and appraising. On the basis of our report we can say that their hr practice is very much effective. Recruitment & Selection: The HR department uses their own tests for recruitment & Selection. Training: they have training centre for the new employees. If any employees join in this company they need some basic training.Performance Ma nagement: when any employees perform well then they get some rewards from company. It is manage by HR manager. Employee relation: in this company’s employees and superior have good relationship with each other. Employees also respect their superior. Employees have also good relationship with their same level. Job analysis: the HR manager doing job analysis by employees performance and he also gives some duties to employees. Job design: The HR manager also design job structure which is most appropriate for the company to achieve the company’s goal. Incentives: they provide some incentives for employees. ) Size & activities of HR Department Management: The entire management process comprises the following units: Executive Management: The executive management is special employment agencies retained by employers to seek out top management talent for their clients. Within the limits of delegated authority and responsibility by the Board of Directors, Executive Management op erates through further delegation of authority at every echelon of the line management. The executive Management operates within the framework of Policy & Planning strategies set by the Top Management with periodic performance reporting for guidance.Management Committee: In this garments management committee is very much conscious about Product Planning, quality control, production inventory and export promotion. The garments try to improve their product quality and innovate new products and services what they did before now they are improving very much day by day. Management committee plays very helpful role to reach theirgoal. [pic][pic][pic]Panorama Apparels ltd. Human resource management Human resource management Mr. Abdul Ohab is the human resource manager of this garment.The policies and practices involved in carrying out the people or human resource aspect of a management position, including recruiting, screening, training, rewarding and appraising Human resource planning Pan orama Appeals Ltd. has a personnel management and administrative Department. The total number of employees is 550. For the employees there is systematic in house training in home and abroad. To motivate the employees company provides various facilities like free meals, free transportation, picnic, yearly entertainment facilities, on site sports . nd also salary pay within 5th – 8th day of each month. d) Recruitment: They recruit employees by taking interview. They follow some sources to recruit employees which are – i) Internal source ii) External source e) Selection: the board of directors selects the employees by taking interview. The board of director collects the information from the HR manager. f) Training & Development The company arranges some training and development programs in every year. It is application of knowledge. It gives people an awareness of the rules procedures to guide their behavior.It attempts to improve their performance on the current job or p repare them for an intended job. Development is a related process. It covers not only those activities which improve job performance but also those which bring growth of the personality; help individuals to the progress towards maturity and actualization of their potential capacities so that they become not only good employees but better men and women. Method of training and development program: a) On the job training b) Job rotation c) Apprenticeship training d) Classroom training g) Compensation policies & practicesEmployee benefits & services were formerly known as fringe benefits and these benefits were primarily the in-kind payments employees receive in addition to payments in the form of money. In addition to paying employees fairly and adequately for their contributions in the performance of their jobs, organizations assume a social obligation for the welfare of employees and their dependents Employees benefits are usually inherent components of the non-compensation system ar e made available to employees that provide: –  Protection in case of health & accident   Income upon retirement & termination These benefits are components that contribute to the welfare of the employee by filling some kind of demand. Incentives Incentives is very much helpful for motivating employees. Incentives add to base pay. It controls costs because the employee is being paid for his/her extra effort and for the benefits brought to the organization. Incentive Pay Categories -Individual -Group -Company-wide h) Performance Appraisal: Performance Appraisal means evaluating an employee’s current and/or past performance relative to his or her performance standards.Performance appraisals are now more clarified and they concentrate on developing organizational strengths and employee performance. Purpose of Performance Appraisal in Panorama apparels LTD To set targets for future performance To identify potential for promotion To provide legal & formal justification f or employment decision To diagnose the hidden problems of an organization Performance Appraisal Process: They conduct the performance appraisal interview twice a year. Who Appraises †¢Ã‚  Supervisors †¢Ã‚  Subordinates †¢Ã‚  Peers†¢Ã‚  Clients/customers Approaches to measuring performance in Panorama apparels LTD.There are various kind of method for measuring performance appraisal. But we get information that Panorama apparels LTD. uses only two type of performance method. These are at below: 1. 360- degree feedback 2. Experience based. Findings: We conducted simple random sampling both in Millennium Garments & Panorama Apparels. We also used direct observation method to collect the data. After that we used statistical analysis. We found that 80% employees of Millennium are satisfied, 10 % not satisfied & 5 % refused to say any comment [pic] Fig1. 1 Satisfaction Level of Millennium Garments WorkersAnd in case of Panorama Apparels we found that 70% of the employee s are very satisfied with the current compensation policy& other facilities, 10% said that they are not satisfied & 20% said refused to make any comment. [pic] Fig1. 2 Satisfaction Level of Millennium Garments Workers [pic] Fig1. 3. Turnover rate of Millennium & Panorama With the last five years data we founf that turnover rate is higher in Panorama Apparel that of Millennium Garmnts. Panorama Apparels use 75% of internal source (e. g. employee referrals) & 25 % from External source (e. g. Advertising, Internet etc. ) for job recruitment. pic] Fig1. 4 Recruitment source of Panorama Apparels Ltd. On the Other hand Millennium Garments use 40% of internal source & 60% from External source for job recruitment. [pic] Fig1. 5 Recruitment source of Millennium garments Ltd. Recommendation: From the analysis with the organization structure of Millennium Garments Ltd. we have seen that span of super vision is too large. A number of departments report directly to the general manager. If the nu mber were less the efficiency and productivity of the organization might be increased. Quality control department should remain prompt always.So that it can maintain a certain level of standard as per the market demand to capture the foreign market share it should strive more. Turn Over rate in very high in Panorama 25%, also employees talked openly about their dissatisfaction which indicates that they have to redesign about incentive policies. Conclusion: Bangladesh is a hotbed of garments manufacturing, now ranking  fourth in the list of garments exporting nations. Unfortunately, the country, as a whole, has been unable to break into the arena of high fashion as most of its exports cater to the lower end of the clothing hierarchy.The flourishment of any industry requires combined efforts and co-operation from several parties. Social, political and macro economic environment play pivotal role in this regard. Through successful HR management practice in this respective sector, man y labor issue problems can be solvedIf it can up hold it’s much toward advancement, it will be able to set a role model in our country. Appendix: Reference 1. Innovative human resource management practice makes ASA global microfinance leader http://www. theindependent-bd. com/hotnews. php? nid=5170 2. http://www. traveldocs. com/bd/economy. htm . Apparels Bulletin, link- http://www. apparel. com. bd/2008/09/pay-salary-arrears-and-eid-bonus-timely/ 4. Afsar, R. , 1998. Poverty, Work, Health and Sexual Behaviour of Women and Men in Garment Factories in Dhaka, Bangladesh, ACTIONAID, Bangladesh. 5. Ahmad, I. , 1996. Basic Labour Laws of Bangladesh, 2nd edition, Ferdous lqbal, Dhaka. 6. Arifin,J. (ed. ), 1994. Readings on Women and Development in Malaysia, Population Studies Unit, Kuala Lumpur. 7. BGMEA, 1998a. ‘BGMEA meets garment sector trade union leaders regularly',BGMEA Newsletter, 9(1):9. 8. Bhattacharya, D. and Rahrnan, M. , 2000.Bangladesh Apparel Sector: growth tren ds and the post-MFA challenges, Paper presented at the National Seminar on Garment Industry in Bangladesh: Economic and Social Dimensions, Dhaka, 21-22 January. 9. Nuruzzaman, A. K. A. M. , 1999. Human Rights and Garments Industry, Programme for Research on Poverty Alleviation, Grameen Trust, Dhaka. 10. Paul-Majumder, P. , 1998. Health Status of the Garment Workers in Bangladesh: findings from a survey of employers and employees, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies, Dhaka. Questionnaire: Name:Employee Status: Designation:Working Hours: 1. How long you are working in this company?More than 5years More than 2 years 2. How much time you spend here i. e. working hours? 6 Hrs 8 Hrs other 3. Are you satisfies with current facilities & incentives? Yes No No Comment 4. Does your company conduct fire drill every year? Yes No 5. Is your employment on permanent basis or contractual basis? Permanent Contractual 6. Did you face any kind of problem that you couldn’t tell to the man agement? Yes No If yes write down mention the problem below:

Women In Business Essay

Unassuming nature (humility) M – Motivator I- Interpersonal skills S – Sense of purpose E – Empathic N – Notable – Innovative N – Novice S – Self-confidence Spokesman N – Never giving up E- Efficacious In the business world there are a lot of obstacles women have to face to climb the career ladder. Helen Keller once said, â€Å"Never bend your head. Always hold it high. Look the world right in the eye. † Women should take this message and run with it. It's not the people around us but ourselves which holds us back from what we want to accomplish.Self-confidence is the master key that unlocks the door in succeeding in today's business world. Confidence in one's self assists in elevating our position. Once a woman is confident, she has pride in her work and a little hard work comes easy. Singer Marsha Evans once remarked, â€Å"You can have unbelievable intelligence, you can have connections, you can have opportunities fal l out of the sky. But in the end hard work is the true, enduring characteristic of successful people. † Women, today we need not to be afraid of hard work. Working long hours and sacrificing our spare time is what it takes to build a business.Sometimes aging on an extra task can be beneficial to building the career we actually seek. We are classified as the ‘weaker vessels', but if we endure the hard work, it only makes us stronger and climbing the career ladder would be easy. As aforementioned in the acronym, the attribute listed for ‘B' in the word BUSINESS was bravery. Being a woman in a corporate world you would be timid by the male gender. You have to constantly push yourself out of your comfort zone to move forward. This means you have to take risks and accept when things go dismay. No matter the challenge or situation be brave.You will survive and turn things around. I am a young woman striving to succeed. Ambition is embedded. I don't settle for second best . â€Å"Reach for the stars†, but in reality I want to have it in the palm of my hands. My vision, dreams and aspirations will be a reality. The words of Anita Rowdier, â€Å"To succeed you have to believe in something with such a passion that it becomes a reality', and know I have passion within. For no matter what it is once I'm involved I will be passionate and committed. I stumbled upon a poem and the words of it really depicts who am and the attributes posses.Heart of a Woman in Business by Sherry Rough is an inspirational poem for women for all walks of life. A woman in business is like no other Multi-brilliant at work, and often too, a mother. Guided by vision to make a difference in this world, Reporting for service, with her hair even curled. Ready to go, whenever the need She knows in her heart, there's a calling to feed. To do right, to speak up, determined to succeed A role model that plants the possibility seed. Knows who she is, right down to the core Her essen ce, her passion-?shine all the more! She's in charge with a handle on it all.At the office, at home, or at the mall. Even in the depth of all she may know Realizes there's still plenty room to grow. So energetic, creative and fun . Early rise, there's much to be done! She still finds time to laugh and to play Sacred time too, to kneel and to pray It comes from inside, driven by vision, Get on board-?she's on a great mission! Her daily prayer resides in God's grace Serving others from her heart sets the pace Making use of her talent, wisdom and skill From strengths and trust in Divine will. Gentle, compassionate, loving and strongIn this sisterhood Of success you want to belong Anything she puts her heart to she can do SSH?s not alone assist-?as you can too! The road to get here has been quite a ride â€Å"Call me ‘Woman'-? it's my source of pride! † Come along, she's blazing' new trail A woman in business-?whom we all hail Studying at a prestigious institution as Hull I nternational Business School will broaden my horizon and the outlook for my life. It will allow me to build on the skills and traits that I already own and develop new ones that will take me on the road to success full speed.Women rarely hold highly influential leadership positions. I believe that women are just as capable of being successful leaders as men with the same abilities. If more women are allowed and encouraged to become leaders, it would create a wavelet effect throughout society. There is an imbalance in the business world between men and women leaders. It is very critical that women hold leadership position. Within the work environment there will be new perspectives and outlook on different situations. We have accepted the mental abilities that men and women are equal. Marie C.Wilson in Closing the Leadership Gap: Add Women Change Everything said, â€Å"When look at issues face, and when I think of the need, I am as convinced as I have ever been that our future depend s on the leadership of women – not to replace men but to transform our options alongside them. † These words that came forth is truly a divine statement. Women holding leadership positions isn't undermining men in influential positions but wanting to work hand in hand with them. You receive views from each person and ideas can be formulated and bought forth. It shouldn't be about male vs.. Male but about how we can all benefit.Right now too much power is placed within the grasp of men and the masculine perspective. A survey from Right Management Consultants shows that the skill that companies most often seek in managers is the ability to motivate and engage others. These characteristics are displayed more from women. Ultimately, if women are in leadership positions with their male counterpart, the feminine qualities such as intuitive, compassionate and emotional nature will bloom. â€Å"The gateway to our intuitive wisdom and our connection to the rater landscape of hu manity is emotions,† quote Tabby Fiddle.

Chemical Communication Among Humans essays

Chemical Communication Among Humans essays As earlier stated, the subject of pheromones in human beings has been hotly debated in scientific circles for many years. Though the full significance of human pheromones is yet to be determined, most scientists agree that some chemical communication among human beings does exist. Over the past two decades, this hypothesis has gained increasing credibility, as new evidence continues to be slowly uncovered. In early 1991, a team of scientists reported a possible attractant that guides human sperm to the egg for fertilization. It seems from their research that many of the sperm, en route to the egg, may be swimming up a concentration gradient of pheromone, released by the egg or nearby cells. The researchers obtained samples of the fluid that surrounds the female egg from women undergoing in vitro fertilization procedures. They found that many more sperm swam to this fluid than a control solution, suggesting a chemical signal is responsible for attracting the sperm. Further, a separate group of scientists discovered about twenty different olfactory receptors in sperm tissue. These receptors are the same kind found in the human nose, and were not found in several other types of tissue, studied throughout the body. Unfortunately, the exact function of these receptors is still uncertain, although many believe they receive chemical signals that guide them on their journey to the egg. In addition, the relationship between an infant and its mother recently has been tested for possible pheromone links. It has been long since understood that the infant-mother relationship has been special among human beings for its uncanny closeness. Recent experiments have shown that during the first six weeks of life, infants show an increased preference for the smell of their mothers breast over that of another mother. The infant has clearly begun to recognize its mothers scent during the first weeks of its life. This scent may include not only the mothe...

Klasies River Caves - Middle Paleolithic South Africa

Klasies River Caves - Middle Paleolithic South Africa Klasies River is the collective name of several caves eroded into the sandstone bluff located along a 1.5 mile (2.5 kilometers) stretch of the Tsitsikamma coast of South Africa facing the Indian Ocean. Between 125,000 and 55,000 years ago, a handful of our Anatomically Modern Human (AMH) (Homo sapiens) ancestors lived in these caves at the very southern tip of Africa. What they left behind provides evidence of the behavior of Homo sapiens at our very earliest moments of existence, and a slightly uncomfortable peek into our distant past. The Klasies River main site is one of the most intensively occupied sites within this area, associated with abundant cultural and subsistence remains of Middle Stone Age (MSA) hunter-gatherer-fishers. The site includes two caves and two smaller rock shelters, tied together by a 69-foot (21-meter) thick shell midden that spills out of all four. Archaeological investigations have been conducted at Klasies River since the late 1960s, primarily at the main site. The Klasies River caves were first excavated by J. Wymer in 1967–1968, and then by H. Deacon between 1984–1995, and most recently by Sarah Wurz beginning in 2013. Chronology Early modern Homo sapiens lived in the Klasies River caves during the Middle Stone Age, periods which are roughly equivalent to the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS 5). At Klasies, MSA I (MIS 5e/d), MSA I Lower (MIS 5c), and MSA I Upper (MIS 5b/a) were relatively intensive human occupations. The oldest the oldest AMH bone found in the cave dates to 115,000 (abbreviated 115 ka). The main layers of occupation and listed in the table below; the most substantial occupation debris is from the MSA II lower levels. MSA III MIS 3 (80–60 ka)Howiesons Poort (MIS 5/a to MIS 4)MSA II upper (85 ka, MIS 5b/a)MSA II lower (MB 101–90 ka, MIS 5c, 10 m thick)MSA I (KR technocomplex) 115–108 ka, MIS 5e/d Artifacts and Features Artifacts found at the sites include stone and bone tools, animal bones and mussel shell, and over 40 bones or bone fragments of the human occupants of the cave. Hearths and artifact clusters within the shell midden indicate that the residents systematically exploited both land-based and marine resources. Animal bones found within the caves include bovids, baboon, otter, and leopard. The earliest stone tool tradition found in the caves is MSA I Klasies River techno-complex. Others include convergent Levallois tool types in MSA I known as Mossel Bay technocomplex; and the Howiesons Poort/Still Bay complex. Nearly 40 human fossil bones and bone fragments are in the catalogs from the excavations. Some of the bones look identical to modern Homo sapien morphologies, others show more archaic traits than recent human populations. Living in Klasies River Caves The people who lived in these caves were modern humans who lived by recognizably human methods, hunting game and gathering plant foods. Evidence for our other hominid ancestors- Homo erectus and Homo ergaster, for example- suggests that they primarily scavenged other animals kills; the Homo sapiens of Klasies River caves knew how to hunt. The Klasies River people dined on shellfish, antelope, seals, penguins, and some unidentified plant foods, roasting them in hearths built for the purpose. The caves were not permanent residences for the humans who inhabited them, as best as we can tell; they only stayed for a few weeks, then moved along to the next hunting stand. Stone tools and flakes made from beach cobbles were recovered from the earliest levels of the site. Klasies River and Howiesons Poort Apart from the debris of living, researchers have also found fragmentary evidence in these earliest levels of the earliest of ritual behavior- cannibalism. Fossil human remains were found in several layers of the Klasies River occupations, fire-blackened fragments of skulls and other bones showing cut marks from deliberate butchery. While this alone would not convince researchers that cannibalism had taken place, the pieces were mixed with the rubble of kitchen debris- thrown out with the shells and bones of the remainder of the meal. These bones were unequivocally modern human; at a time when no other modern humans are known- only Neanderthals and early modern Homo existed outside of Africa. By 70,000 years ago, when the layers called by archaeologists Howiesons Poort were laid down, these same caves were used by people with a more sophisticated stone tool technology, backed tools from thin stone blades, and projectile points. The raw material from these tools came not from the beach, but from rough mines some 12 mi (20 km) away. The Middle Stone Age Howiesons Poort lithic technology is nearly unique for its time; similar tool types are not found anywhere else until the much later Late Stone Age assemblages. While archaeologists and paleontologists continue to debate whether modern humans are descended only from the Homo sapiens populations from Africa, or from a combination of Homo sapiens and Neanderthal, the Klasies River cave populations are still our ancestors and are still representatives of the earliest known modern humans on the planet. Sources Bartram, Laurence E.Jr., and Curtis W. Marean. Explaining the Klasies Pattern: Kua Ethnoarchaeology, the Die Kelders Middle Stone Age Archaeofauna, Long Bone Fragmentation and Carnivore Ravaging. Journal of Archaeological Science 26 (1999): 9–29. Print.Churchill, S. E., et al. Morphological Affinities of the Proximal Ulna from Klasies River Main Site: Archaic or Modern? Journal of Human Evolution 31 (1996): 213–37. Print.Deacon, H.J., and V. B. Geleisjsne. The Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Main Site Sequence, Klasies River, South Africa. The South African Archaeological Bulletin 43 (1988): 5–14. Print.Grine, Frederick E., Sarah Wurz, and Curtis W. Marean. The Middle Stone Age Human Fossil Record from Klasies River Main Site. Journal of Human Evolution 103 (2017): 53–78. Print.Hall, S., and J. Binneman. Later Stone Age Burial Variability in the Cape: A Social Interpretation. The South African Archaeological Bulletin 42 (1987): 140–52. Print.N ami, Hugo G., et al. Palaeomagnetic Results and New Dates of Sedimentary Deposits from Klasies River Cave 1, South Africa. South African Journal of Science 112.11/12 (2016). Print. Nel, Turid Hillestad, Sarah Wurz, and Christopher Stuart Henshilwood. Small Mammals from Marine Isotope Stage 5 at Klasies River, South Africa–Reconstructing the Local Palaeoenvironment. Quaternary International 471 (2018): 6–20. Print.Voigt, Elizabeth. Stone Age Molluscan Utilization at Klasies River Mouth Caves. South African Journal of Science 69 (1973): 306–09. Print.Wurz, Sarah. Variability in the Middle Stone Age Lithic Sequence, 115,000–60,000 Years Ago at Klasies River, South Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science 29 (2002): 1001–15. Print.Wurz, Sarah, et al. Connections, Culture and Environments around 100?000 Years Ago at Klasies River Main Site. Quaternary International (2018). Print. Klasies River Caves Fast Facts Name of Site: Klasies River or Klasies River MouthSpecies: Early Modern HumansStone Tool Traditions: Klasies River, Mossel Bay (convergent Levallois), Howiesons PoortPeriod: Middle Stone AgeDate of Occupation: 125,000–55,000 years agoConfiguration: Five caves and two rock sheltersMedium: Naturally eroded into the sandstone cliffLocation: 1.5 mi (2.5 km) stretch of the Tsitsikamma coast of South Africa facing the Indian OceanOffbeat Fact: Evidence that our ancient human ancestors were cannibals

Impact of Globalization Wal-Mart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Impact of Globalization Wal-Mart - Essay Example It is feasible that the increase of the internet and the process that starts with liberalization will continue such movement in trade in the 21st century or otherwise. Globalization can be define as â€Å"the act of globalizingâ€Å"; from the word mention â€Å"globalâ€Å" means â€Å"involving the whole world pertaining to/ â€Å", â€Å"wider worldâ€Å"; â€Å"universalâ€Å". Globalization is present worldwide drive towards a globalized economic system governs by supranational organizational trade and banking institutions which are not accountable to democratic process or national governmentâ€Å". â€Å"Globalization is the historical stage of expansion of market capitalism, in similitude to the experience in the 19th century with an industrial revolution. It is a central transformation in societies reason of the recent technological revolution which has led to a recombination of the social and economic forces on a fresh territorial dimensionâ€Å". â€Å"Globalization says it as the growing integration of societies and economies around the world...â€Å" â€Å"The definition of UBPD relies on the contextual analysis but generally means to an accelerating interlinking across national boundaries affecting the so many aspects of life; socialization, cultural economic along with political. In this context of study, the focus is only on economic aspects, with emphasis on the role of I-C-T. [information and communications technologies]. Therefore, globalization narrowly means growing economic interdependence of worldwide countries. This covers increases in the international division of labor effected by swelling international flows of F-B-I [foreign-based investment], along with an increasing volume and variety of cross border transactions in products and services, international migration, international capital flows and the rapid or widespread diffusion of technology. It does not Imply that social, cultural and other types of globalization are unimportant, only that they are less applicable to discussions of economic development and sec urityâ€Å" World Health Organization   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Globalization, or the boosting interconnectedness and interdependence of countries or people, is generally thought to include two interrelated elements:   the freeing of borders to increasing fast flow of finance, people, goods, services, and ideas beyond international borders; and the alterations in institutional and policy regimes at the national and international levels that promote or facilitate such flows.† Globalization As Define by Few Authors: As Douglas Kellner notes, â€Å"the term globalization is a theoretical construct that in it contested and open for different meanings and inflections.† Globalization, in eyes of some pundits or scholars and policy